Artificial intelligence (AI) testing is experiencing a technological renaissance and is starting to offer better results in various fields. Under single-score measures like recall and accuracy, it frequently scores well. As an illustration, the most recent AI model has decreased the test error rates for sentiment categorization to less than 5%. It has undergone a substantial transformation due to the web-based technological world, ushering in a new wave and ushering into the new era of AI 2.0. Many AI applications face criticism because they can falter in dire and embarrassing circumstances despite all of AI’s accomplishments.
Proactive testing, an innovative strategy to solve this issue, assesses the effectiveness of AI models utilizing dynamic and carefully constructed datasets gathered through crowd intelligence. Crowd intelligence offers a fresh paradigm explicitly for problem-solving by aggregating the crowd’s brain to address issues. In particular, crowd intelligence provides a new approach to AI testing by incorporating it into various real-world applications. Two characteristics set proactive testing apart from traditional testing measures. By dynamically gathering outside datasets, it first increases the testing dataset’s coverage. Secondly, AI developers can query different datasets that fall into specific categories to target edge situations. As a result, proactive testing is a strategy for identifying a model’s undiscovered bias and error and a thorough assessment of the model’s performance across all test scenarios.
In this blog, we suggest using crowd intelligence testing to produce test data on-demand and assess the reliability and functionality of AI testing.
Crowd intelligence: The Underlying Principle
An increasingly sophisticated component of AI testing 2.0 is crowd intelligence. Crowds are classified into three categories: crowdsourcing, complicated processes, and ecosystems for problem-solving. Crowd intelligence and the premise of collective intelligence are interconnected. In its most basic form, collective intelligence is an improved capability that a group of people develops with the use of technology to gather information, knowledge, and skills. Famous platforms like Google and Wikipedia use the same. It is the combined capacity of a group of teams to carry out different jobs and address various problems.
Since collective intelligence activities produce Crowd Intelligence, it is a web-based collective intelligence. The enormous population of people participating in online organizations and platforms generates crowd intelligence on the web. It combines people and machines to tackle complex computational issues. AI testing, open innovation, scientific research, and extensive data processing use crowd intelligence. Connecting numerous people online offers a platform for coordinating their activities.
Crowdsourcing for the acquisition of data
Online crowdsourcing makes accessing human expertise simple and affordable, and it successfully acquired data for various NLP applications. Speech transcription is the focus of specific projects.
The architecture of crowd intelligence-based testing consists of four essential parts: validation, classification, analysis, and explanation-based generation of errors.
Explanation-based generation of errors
It supports the creation of phrases that will fool AI systems by testing the models’ effectiveness. The process of “Build and refine model, Train model, Test model” is repeated by AI developers to constantly enhance the performance of sentiment models, with model testing serving as a guide for model refinement and training. The accuracy of the testing dataset as a whole and the accuracy for each sentiment category are two measures heavily relied upon by AI engineers when testing models. Due to the restricted scope of the current testing dataset, the AI engineer recommended utilizing additional datasets for thorough testing. “The notion is that you need to expand the variety of the testing data to cover diverse instances,” he said. It encourages us to use crowd force error creation to increase the testing dataset’s coverage.
Validation of errors
It is crucial to choose the “actual” sentiment of the samples once they have been created through crowdsourcing and determine if the model correctly predicts the data. A high-quality AI testing dataset is essential for assessing a model’s performance. Because the quality is so good, some AI engineers prefer human-labelled datasets. It inspires us to enlist the public’s help to manually verify each generated sample’s emotion. Due to the ambiguity and subjectivity of the sentiment, we want to utilize many crowd workers to authenticate one instance and “majority vote” to designate it as the actual sentiment.
Classification of errors
To account for particular instances, AI test engineers may try to find samples that fall into a specific category. As an illustration, consider the biasing test model that compares male and female names to check whether there is any difference in the predictions made by the model. Therefore, it is crucial to check the categorization of the samples after getting those produced by the community. Crowdsourcing the category classification is essential to scale the labelling process to handle high sample sizes.
Analysis of errors
The model would learn from the study of samples that were incorrectly categorized. Not all data, nevertheless, are worthwhile for analysis. A model’s incorrect predictions might have several effects. It would enable AI testing engineers to concentrate on the most significant faults by detecting high-impact misclassified samples. Additionally, the enormous sample size makes it impossible to evaluate every model. Therefore, to handle a vast number of data, it is required to demonstrate the samples at several degrees of granularity.
Also Read: How AI Testing can Increase ROI for your Business
The decisive crowd intelligence systems
Crowd intelligence has been widely employed in big data processing, open innovation, software development, and the sharing economy. There are unique needs for crowd tasks, organizational structures, and procedures in each crowd intelligence application field. Its practitioners must establish an online platform linking many people and organizing their activity through a specialized administrative mechanism to satisfy such unique criteria.
Human computation and micro-tasking
Human computation is the capacity for problem-solving that a machine cannot perform. The micro-task, or human intelligence task, is the essential component. The minor jobs, such as tagging pictures, translating paragraphs, creating survey paragraphs, etc., are designed as quick chores that don’t require much time or energy. The overlap of the two domains results from the need for deportment in human computation systems. Because there is an open request for crowd workers, human computation has characteristics with crowdsourcing.
Mobile crowdsourcing tools and the sharing economy
In natural and virtual environments of the digital realm, mobile crowdsourcing brings human computation to the field. With interactive and participatory sensor networks, mobile crowd sensing aims to arrange mobile devices so amateur and expert users can acquire, evaluate, and share local knowledge. It may be developed further into mobile crowd sensing, using user-contributed data from social network services and sensed data from mobile devices. The ability of collective observation and awareness increased by mobile crowd sensing in numerous fields are well-integrated healthcare, urban planning, and construction.
Crowd-based software development
Software development is an intellectual endeavour that incorporates both crowdsourcing and mass production. Numerous jobs in the software development process, including requirement gathering and bug hunting, may depend on the creativity and skills of developers. One must use rigid engineering principles throughout the software development life cycle to guarantee the final product’s effectiveness and quality. Our perspective of software creation altered by open source software and software crowdsourcing has successfully demonstrated crowd-based software development.
Programmers with a strong understanding of software are required for software development jobs, as are rigorous testing, verification, and validation procedures. Crowd intelligence has its importance in the AI testing arena. The strict syntax and semantics of programming languages, modelling languages, documentation or process standards, and other elements of the demanding technical discipline abide by crowd intelligence. Additionally, it must help the creative aspects involved in software requirements analysis, design, testing, and evolution.
Decision-making via Crowd intelligence
Making decisions is an essential human activity. It travels with us from our daily activities to the process of transforming the environment and society. Due to its dependence on a single person or a few domain experts, traditional decision-making cannot handle complex issues in open habitats and arrive at the correct conclusions. Crowd intelligence opens up new prospects for better decision-making. We may test the variables that affect each crowd member’s activity and believability by mining the vast amounts of data that millions of participants in online crowds have contributed.
Without any risk-control mechanisms, decision-making in crowds is fraught with potential dangers. Conflicting information regarding the same goal is a probability. However, the dependability of every audience member is uncertain at the outset. The information sources crowds use to make decisions are often unbalanced and undiversified.
Also Read: [Guide] Artificial Intelligence in Software Testing
Crowd intelligence’s foreseeable obstacles
One of the difficulties with crowd intelligence is flexible crowd structure. Other difficulties include dynamic pricing and latency quality control. There has been some study on modifying the organizational structure of crowd intelligence; however, the current crowd intelligence has attained high efficiency. Although the supply and demand for jobs between task senders and employees frequently fluctuate, this can help determine task costs dynamically.
Flexible crowd structure
There is a minimal study on how to modify the organizational structure of crowd intelligence to accommodate the fluctuating external environment, even though the existing crowd organization strategies have already reached high efficiency.
Dynamic pricing
For crowd intelligence to evolve, the monetary incentive mechanism is crucial. Concerning task senders and labourers, the supply and demand are frequently cyclical. Future projects will focus on creating efficient financial incentive systems to determine the appropriate pricing for jobs dynamically.
Latency quality control
Most quality control research conducted nowadays concentrates on guaranteeing the accuracy of crowd intelligence. Controlling task completion delay is a crucial issue in various application settings, such as mobile crowdsourcing. Additionally, crowd intelligence organizations focus on quality control in this area.
Also Read: Transformation of Software Testing with AI
Wrapping Up
The widespread use of the internet, the emergence of big data, physical space, and cyberspace have significantly altered the information environment for AI testing. A new evolutionary stage, AI 2.0, emerged due to the difficulties and failures that AI testing encountered in the information world. The dissemination of new technology also catapults AI testing to a new level. Crowd intelligence, one of the critical features of AI 2.0, results from the combined impacts of independent individuals, demonstrating more intelligence than the functioning of each.
Knowledge sharing is a characteristic activity in crowd intelligence, and crowds of geeks and specialists are becoming an essential component of the support network for virtual forums. Since crowd intelligence is a foundational concept in AI 2.0, it is conceivable to enhance various crowd organization and allocation techniques, incentive systems, and crowd intelligence quality control.
